Installing Siril
Installing the base packages for development is required: autoconf, automake, libtool, pkg-tools, make, gcc.
Siril is developed with Arch Linux, which has all latest packages versions, and Linux Mint 16, and slightly old distribution. This allows us to verify a large range of package versions. Debian 6 doesn't have GTK+ version 3, so you need at least version 7, codename Wheezy. For a desktop system, the next stable is probably a better choice, called Debian testing, currently version 8 with codename Jessie.
Installing on Debian 7
You will need those packages to have a proper build system:
autoconf automake make gcc libtool pkg-config
Then you can generate the configure script:
$ aclocal && autoconf && autoheader && automake --add-missing
And install mandatory dependencies:
libfftw3-dev libgsl0-dev libcfitsio3-dev libgtk-3-dev libconfig++-dev
Finally you can install optional dependencies you want:
libpng-dev libjpeg8-dev libtiff5-dev libraw-dev, for film (AVI and others) support: libffms2-dev, and for image resizing in LRGB tool: libopencv-dev.
Note that libtiff5 is incompatible with opencv, in that case you need to install libtiff4 instead.
And run the configure and make.
Installing on Arch Linux
Vincent maintains an AUR package for Siril. Download the tarball, run makepkg to build the package and pacman -U to install the package.